{"id":1869,"date":"2025-11-26T09:17:16","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T07:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ilmolmabdaa.com\/?p=1869"},"modified":"2025-11-26T09:17:16","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T07:17:16","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8f%d9%91-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ilmolmabdaa.com\/?p=1869","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<br \/>\n\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0631 &#8211; \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651<br \/>\n\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a (Andrew Feenberg) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u064f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629: (Andrew Feenberg) A Critical Theory of Technology)<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<br \/>\n\u0640 Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Ulrike Felt, Rayvon Fouch\u00e9, Clark A. Miller, Laurel Smith -Doerr, eds., MIT Press, 2017, pp. 635- 663.<br \/>\n\u0640 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ilmolmabdaa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/28.pdf\"><strong>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 pdf:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"_df_book df-lite\" id=\"df_1872\"  _slug=\"1872\" data-title=\"\" wpoptions=\"true\" thumbtype=\"\" ><\/div><script class=\"df-shortcode-script\" nowprocket type=\"application\/javascript\">window.option_df_1872 = {\"outline\":[],\"autoEnableOutline\":\"false\",\"autoEnableThumbnail\":\"false\",\"overwritePDFOutline\":\"false\",\"direction\":\"2\",\"pageSize\":\"0\",\"source\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ilmolmabdaa.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/11\\\/28.pdf\",\"wpOptions\":\"true\"}; 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&ndash; &#1603;&#1606;&#1583;&#1575; &nbsp; &#1605;&#1604;&#1582;&#1617;&#1589; &#1573;&#1580;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1617; &#1610;&#1587;&#1593;&#1609; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1581;&#1579; &#1604;&#1604;&#1601;&#1610;&#1604;&#1587;&#1608;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1610;&#1585;&#1603;&#1610;&#1616;&#1617; &#1570;&#1606;&#1583;&#1585;&#1608; &#1601;&#1610;&#1606;&#1576;&#1610;&#1585;&#1594; (Andrew Feenberg) &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1578;&#1604;&#1582;&#1610;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1601;&#1603;&#1575;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1574;&#1610;&#1587;&#1610;&#1614;&#1617;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1575;&#1585;&#1583;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1592;&#1585;&#1610;&#1614;&#1617;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1602;&#1583;&#1610;&#1614;&#1617;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579;&#1610;&#1577; &#1581;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1603;&#1606;&#1608;&#1604;&#1608;&#1580;&#1610;&#1575;&#1548; &#1608;&#1573;&#1592;&#1607;&#1575;&#1585; 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